Internal vs External Locus of Control: 7 Examples & Theories

Locus of control is a psychological concept that refers to the extent to which individuals believe they have control over their lives. It can be divided into two main categories: internal locus of control and external locus of control. People with an internal locus of control believe that they are in control of their own lives and outcomes, while people with an external locus of control believe that external forces, such as luck or fate, determine their lives.

Here are 7 examples and theories that illustrate the differences between internal and external locus of control:

1. Example 1 – Job Success: Someone with an internal locus of control is more likely to believe that their hard work and skills are responsible for their success in the workplace. On the other hand, someone with an external locus of control may attribute their success to luck or the actions of others.

2. Example 2 – Health: Individuals with an internal locus of control are more likely to take steps to improve their health, such as exercising regularly and eating well, because they believe that their actions can directly impact their health outcomes. Those with an external locus of control may be less likely to prioritize their health, believing that their health is largely determined by external factors beyond their control.

3. Example 3 – Financial Success: People with an internal locus of control are more likely to take proactive steps to improve their financial situation, such as setting financial goals and budgeting carefully. Those with an external locus of control may attribute their financial success or failure to luck or external circumstances, rather than their own decisions and actions.

4. Theory 1 – Rotter’s Locus of Control: Julian Rotter, a psychologist, developed the concept of locus of control in the 1950s. He proposed that individuals with an internal locus of control tend to be more confident, motivated, and able to adapt to change, while those with an external locus of control may feel helpless and dependent on others.

5. Theory 2 – Bandura’s Self-Efficacy: Albert Bandura, another prominent psychologist, introduced the concept of self-efficacy, which is closely related to locus of control. Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their own abilities to achieve specific goals. People with a strong sense of self-efficacy are more likely to have an internal locus of control and to take action to achieve their goals.

6. Theory 3 – Learned Helplessness: Martin Seligman, a psychologist, discovered that individuals who feel that they have no control over their lives may develop learned helplessness, a condition in which they stop trying to change their situation because they believe that nothing they do will make a difference. This phenomenon is more common among those with an external locus of control.

7. Example 4 – Relationships: Individuals with an internal locus of control are more likely to take responsibility for their actions and communication in relationships, leading to healthier and more satisfying interactions with others. Those with an external locus of control may blame external factors or other people for the success or failure of their relationships.

In conclusion, locus of control is a crucial concept in psychology that can have a significant impact on an individual’s behavior, attitude, and overall well-being. Understanding the differences between internal and external locus of control can help individuals take control of their lives, set meaningful goals, and make positive changes to improve their circumstances. By cultivating an internal locus of control and believing in their own capabilities, individuals can increase their motivation, resilience, and sense of agency in navigating life’s challenges.